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hstore

data type for storing sets of (key, value) pairs

hstore : data type for storing sets of (key, value) pairs

Overview

ID Extension Package Version Category License Language
3970 hstore hstore 1.8 TYPE PostgreSQL C
Attribute Has Binary Has Library Need Load Has DDL Relocatable Trusted
--s-dt- No Yes No Yes no yes
Relationships
Need By flux format hstore_hash_ops hstore_ops hstore_pllua hstore_plluau hstore_plperl hstore_plperlu hstore_plpython2u hstore_plpython3u hstore_plpythonu hstore_plruby json_enhancements_with_hstore mbus meta_triggers numhstore pg_auditor pg_readme pg_rowalesce pg_utility_trigger_functions pg_xenophile sys_syn_dblink
See Also pgbson collection jsonschema pgjq jsquery pg_jsonschema intarray arraymath pgpdf pglite_fusion

Packages

PG18 PG17 PG16 PG15 PG14
1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8
This is a built-in contrib extension ship with the PostgreSQL kernel

Install

Create this extension with:

CREATE EXTENSION hstore;

Usage

hstore: key-value pair data type

The hstore extension provides a key/value pair data type for storing semi-structured data in a single column.

CREATE EXTENSION hstore;

Basic Usage 

SELECT 'name => Alice, age => 30'::hstore;
SELECT 'name => Alice'::hstore -> 'name';           -- Alice
SELECT 'a => 1, b => 2'::hstore ? 'a';              -- true
SELECT 'a => 1'::hstore || 'b => 2'::hstore;        -- "a"=>"1", "b"=>"2"

Operators

Operator Description Example
-> Get value by key h -> 'key'
|| Concatenate h1 || h2
? Contains key h ? 'key'
?& Contains all keys h ?& ARRAY['a','b']
?| Contains any key h ?| ARRAY['a','b']
@> Contains h @> 'a=>1'
<@ Contained by h <@ 'a=>1, b=>2'
- Delete key(s) h - 'key' or h - ARRAY['a','b']

Subscript Access 

SELECT h['name'] FROM mytable;
UPDATE mytable SET h['age'] = '31';

Functions 

-- Construction
SELECT hstore('key', 'value');
SELECT hstore(ARRAY['a','b'], ARRAY['1','2']);
SELECT hstore(ROW(1, 'hello'));

-- Extraction
SELECT akeys(h);                    -- text[] of keys
SELECT avals(h);                    -- text[] of values
SELECT skeys(h);                    -- set of keys
SELECT svals(h);                    -- set of values
SELECT each(h);                     -- set of (key, value) records

-- Query
SELECT exist(h, 'key');             -- boolean
SELECT defined(h, 'key');           -- true if non-NULL value

-- Modification
SELECT delete(h, 'key');
SELECT slice(h, ARRAY['a','b']);    -- subset of keys

-- JSON conversion
SELECT hstore_to_json(h);
SELECT hstore_to_jsonb(h);
SELECT hstore_to_json_loose(h);    -- distinguishes numbers/booleans

-- Record conversion
SELECT populate_record(NULL::my_table, h);

Index Support 

CREATE INDEX idx ON t USING gin (h);    -- supports @>, ?, ?&, ?|
CREATE INDEX idx ON t USING gist (h);   -- supports @>, ?, ?&, ?|
CREATE INDEX idx ON t USING btree (h);  -- supports =
CREATE INDEX idx ON t USING hash (h);   -- supports =